The Battle of Peinne

25 September 1813 – Hannover Campaign – Day 2

French advance to the border
Prussians attack Peine

The Prussians occupy Celle and attack Peine
1st Prussian army – occupy Celle
2nd Prussian army – observe Lehtre
3rd Prussian army – attack Peine

1st and 2nd armies move to border, 3rd army retreat
1st French army – advance to border
2nd French army – advance to border
3rd French army – retreat to Soltau

Table at the start of the battle

French are deployed at the top of the photo
5 corps occupy the hill in the centre of the table
4 and 6 corps are either side of the town
All three corps may move at the start of move 1

Prussians are deployed at the bottom of the photo
7 corps on the right
8 corps in the centre
9 corps on the left

The three game objectives are in the centre of the table
Woods on the left, hill in the centre, farm on the right
The army which holds at least two objectives at the end of 12 moves will be the winner

 

Table at the end of the battle

On the right 7th Prussian corps are in firm control of the farm.
4th French corps have been forced to retreat to the woods
Their grenadier brigade launched a last minute counter attack which failed
Two infantry and one cavalry brigade are in rout (blue stars)

Both army commanders have taken command in the centre
Yorck has captured the right hand hill with half of 8th corps
The other half has captured the left hand hill
5th French corps have withdrawn to Peine where they have rallied
Victor holds the area between the town and the woods with three brigades
Two infantry and one cavalry brigades are still in rout behind the town

On the left fighting for the woods continued until the last move
The Prussians took the woods by move 8 (of 12)
6th French corps counter attacked and took two of the three sections
At the start of the last move the Grenadier brigade had just taken the last section
A badly damaged, but well placed, Prussian brigade counter attacked
They caught the grenadiers in flank and routed them, taking back one section
Two French brigades were in position to attack the right hand wood section
Before they could attack they suffered casualties by supporting Prussian artillery
One French brigade routed, the second attacked the woods
Despite 20% casualties the Prussian brigade won the melee and held the woods

At nightfall the Prussians held two game objectives, the third was still in dispute
Consequently the Prussians won the battle.

French lost 11 infantry, 2 cavalry and 2 gunners (4800 casualties)
Prussians lost 6 infantry, 1 cavalry and 2 gunners (2700 casualties)
7 French brigades were in rout and 3 Prussian brigades

Comments

The second battle of the campaign was a more convincing win for the Prussians. They clearly held two of the three battle objectives, and were clear winners

The French had suffered almost twice as many casualties
However numbers alone can be misleading.
As often happens, the game was won (or lost) in the last 4 of 12 moves

The first four moves are usually getting in position and preparing to attack

The next four are artillery and cavalry trying to achieve an advantage for the attacker
It is during the last four that the infantry attack and hold, or lose, the objectives

This game was no exception to that general rule
The infantry skirmish and melee actions are very dependent on the dice
The attacking army usually attempts to take two of the three objectives
If the CinC has created a reserve this is often now committed
So the attacker may well have an advantage in the final two moves

If is during moves 11 and 12 that most casualties occur
The winning side has easy pickings are the losers break and retreat
This is why the casualties are often very one sided

In this game the French appeared very strong on the left and right on move 10
They were well placed to counter attack the farm and the woods
Both sides rolled both good and poor dice during those two moves
But the Prussian good dice came at the right time
The French were less lucky.

Another tense and very enjoyable wargame.

Wargaming the French Imperial Garde

French First Army at (fictional) battle of Hildesheim

I suspect that most, if not all, Napoleonic wargamers have at least one unit of French Garde, probably Old Guard grenadiers. I also suspect that most struggle to actually have a wargame with them. Their historical role was to form a strategic and tactical reserve under Napoleon’s personal command. They consisted of the best soldiers in his army, and were too valuable to risk in battle.

When I created my 1813 campaign my aim was to wargame with ALL of my model soldiers and use all of my scenery. This meant I had to find a role for both Napoleon and his Imerial Garde.

My Napoleonic order of battle consists of five Army Groups. There is one allied and one French in north Germany, Central Germany, Southern Germany, Northern Spain and Southern Spain.

Each army group has three armies. Each army has three corps. Each corps has 4 infantry and 1 cavalry brigades, plus corps artillery. There are 45 French corps, of which one is Old Guard and four are Young Guard. Each army group has one Guard corps. The Old Guard corps is part of First French army, which is commanded by Napoleon.

                                                   1st French (Old Guard) corps

1 Guard Grenadier brigade CA FB SC

2 Guard Grenadier brigade CB FB SC

3 Guard Chasseur brigade CB FC SB

4 Guard Chasseur brigade CB FC SB

1 Horse chasseur brigade CA Light

2 Guard foot artillery CB 12 pounder

C(lass) is morale, F(ire) is musket fire, S(kirmish) is skirmish ability
A is excellent and plus 1, B is average, C is poor and minus 1)

 

2nd French line corps

25 infantry brigade CA FB SB

26 infantry brigade CB FC SB

27 infantry brigade CC FC SB

28 infantry brigade CC FC SC

2 cavalry brigade CB dragoons

3 foot artillery CB 9 pounder

2nd and 3rd French corps have similar orders of battle

The Old Guard corps has slightly better morale than other corps.
Their musket fire is less effective than other corps
Grenadiers have poor skirmish ability, Chasseurs are average.

Each of the other corps in First Army have slightly lower morale
Their musket fire is less effective than other corps
Their skirmish ability is average because they are French troops.

You will see that the Old Guard brigades are only slightly better than other brigades
And the brigades of the other two armies are slightly worse than other armies

Each battle/wargame is decided by who wins at least two of three objectives.
Each objective is held, and attacked, by one corps
So at best the Old Guard brigade has a slightly better chance to taking the objective
But this is balanced by the other two corps having a slightly worse chance.

The explanation has proved more difficult than I anticipated, but I hope it makes sense. It is much more simple on the wargames table, where even the Old Guard grenadiers can be defeated by a Prussian landwehr brigade, if the dice is favourable to the Prussian player.

Battle of Celle

24 September 1813 – Northern Germany – Day 1

The campaign opens with a Prussian surprise attack on Hannover district

The Prussians are deployed to the east of the Hannover-Brunswick border
They are out of sight of the French, but are concentrated ready to attack
1st Prussian army – attack Celle
2nd Prussian army – observe Lehtre
3rd Prussian army – observe Peine

The French are deployed to the west of the Hannover-Brunswick border
One corps from each army is deployed on the border
The remainder are in reserve for ease of resupply
1st French army – defend Lehtre
2nd French army – defend Peine
3rd French army – defend Celle

Table at start of battle

French are deployed at the top of the photo
HQ, 7th and 9th corps are in and around the walled town of Celle
8th corps is in front of the town either side of the main road

The Prussians are marching towards Celle at the bottom of the table
Blucher has taken command of half of 2nd corps on the left of the main road

There are three battle objectives
Woods on the left, hill in the centre, village on the right
The army who occupy at least two objectives at the end of 12 moves will win the battle

French HQ, 7th and 9th corps cannot move until the start of move 2

Table at end of battle

On the left the late arrival of 9th French corps allowed the Prussians to take the southern half of the woods, and their cavalry and artillery forced the French to deploy north of the woods. They continued to hold the woods throughout the battle.

8th French corps occupied the hill in the centre at the start of the battle, and bore the brunt of the Prussian attack. 2nd Prussian corps advanced between the woods and the hill, supported by Blucher with cavalry and artillery from 1st corps. Two infantry brigades stormed and took the hill. However a late counter attack by the grenadier brigade from 8th French corps took it back in the closing moves of the battle.

On the right the French occupied the village before the 1st Prussian corps could reach it. Murat took command of the village and 7th corps cavalry. His independent command played a major role in holding the village throughout the battle.

Comments

The late arrival of two of the three French corps allowed the Prussians to attack all three objectives before the French could fully deploy. This allowed them to take the woods on the left and the hill in the centre. The village on the right was further north, and the French occupied it before the Prussians could.

By move 8 the Prussians held the woods and the hill, and were deployed to attack the village on the right. They only needed to hold two of the three objectives to win the battle, and that outcome seemed to have been achieved.

However the attack on the village was foiled by Murat’s bold counter attack. He held the village with two infantry brigades, and the cavalry in support. As the Prussians approached the village he led the French dragoons forward. The Prussian hussars charged to hold them, but lost the melee and routed. The dragoons then charged the nearby artillery, forcing the gunners to seek shelter in a nearby square and the attack Prussian infantry to halt and form square. The Prussian attack was in disorder and the village held until the end of the game.

On the hill in the centre two Prussian infantry brigades had routed the two French brigades and secured the hill. 8th French corps had been soundly beaten and three of the four infantry brigades were in rout. The northern end of the hill was very narrow, and only one Prussian brigade would deploy there, which they did facing north towards the retreating French infantry. The defeat of the Prussian attack on the village allowed 7th French corps to send their grenadier to retake the hill. They managed a flank attack on the Prussian brigade, which was an automatic rout. The supporting landwehr brigade failed their morale test and also routed. During move 12, the last of the game, the French grenadiers took control of the hill.

At the last moment victory was snatched from the Prussians by this daring counter attack.

The French have lost 12 infantry, 2 cavalry and 2 artillery casualties (5200 men)
The Prussians have lost 6 infantry, 1 cavalry and 1 artillery casualties (1000 men)

Despite winning the battle the French are in a very dangerous position, and in no condition to fight a second day. They have lost twice as many casualties as the Prussians and their centre has gone. As night falls Murat orders a general retreat and abandons Celle.

This ws a really enjoyable game, even for me as the Prussian commander.

Hannover Campaign Introduction

 

1813 Campaign Map

 

The next phase of our campaign is set in Hannover in Northern Germany, where Napoleon faces Blucher.   Each army has nine corps divided between three army groups.   Blucher has invaded Hannover district from his base in Brunswick.    His aim to take the French base in the city of Hannover.   They will fight six major battles to determine whether he is successful or not.

This is the 100^th campaign phase since the campaign started in April 2009.   It has run non stop since then, but has had six major adjustments.   These have been caused by changing the campaign from solo to PBEM, and then back again.  And also when game play suggested a major rewrite of the orders of battle.   Another reason was the creation of new campaign maps.   I find it difficult to think of a suitable word to describe each of these “campaigns”.   The overall title is the 1813 campaign, and each stand alone campaign is called a phase.   But I struggle to come up with a title for the six reorganisations.   I am considering coalition, which was how the historical Napoleonic campaign is divided.

 

Sixth Coalition Campaign Map

The last major reorgination, or “coalition”, was when I redesigned a whole series of maps for northern Europe and Spain.   This abandoned any effort to recreate the physical and political maps of the area, and replaced them with military Regions and Districts.   Names of cities and major towns were used, but no attempt to recreate actual terrain or even rivers.  

This is the 26^th campaign phase of the Sixth Coalition, and the map shows the location of winner of each of those phases.   It is the sixth phase set in Northern Germany, where t he French have won three and the Prussians two.   Blucher is hoping to make that three each with this phase.

  

French Old Guard

French Imperial Guard

The aim of the campaign is to allow me to use all of the model soldiers in my collection, plus all of the buildings and scenery.   This would include all of the command figures, including Wellington and Napoleon.   It would also include the famous Imperial Guard, both Old and Young Guard.

The campaign is designed to provide enjoyable tabletop battles, where both Jan and I would have an equal chance of winning each one.    So there is no room for brigades of “supermen”.   This creates a problem with Napoleon’s Old Guard, or Wellington’s Riflemen.   When used their metal representations on the table must have a flavour of the original, but must not give too much advantage to the player commanding them on the table.    This has been an ongoing problem since the start of the campaign, and has resulted in many minor adjustments to their combat or morale advantages. 

Even more of a problem is when Wellington or Napoleon is defeated on the wargames table.   It is a strange fact that whilst I can accept a completely fictional representation of Europe, I find it hard to accept that the Old Guard can be defeated by a Prussian militia brigade on the wargames table.  

It is ok in the heat of a wargame action, but I sometimes pause when writing the battle report.   I found it hard to justify, to myself, how a cossack brigade could defeat the horse grenadier brigade.   I doubt very much whether anyone reading the report would give it a second thought, and indicates how all of us serious wargamers must come to terms with enjoying our tabletop battles whilst still trying to recreate a feel for the historical battle itself, and in particular how much we must be prepared to compromise.

A Near Run Thing

Background
My armies, scenery and rules are designed to wargame my 1813 campaign.
For many years all of my games have been based on the campaign.
There is a considerable amount of work to do between campaign phases.
This results in a, for us, long period between games.
This is an attempt to fill that gap, and allow us to fight a non campaign battle.
Our first attempt had to be Waterloo.

Table at start of battle

The table is loosely based on Waterloo.
The orders of battle are the same as for my campaign.
The three British corps have three British infantry and one Portuguese brigades.
The Portuguese represent the Dutch Belgian troops at Waterloo
The French have one Guard corps and two line corps.

There are three game objectives.
On the left Hougoumont, in the Centre La Haye Sainte, on the right woods.
The side which holds at least two of the three at the end of the game will win.

End of move 2

French have advanced towards the three objectives
Napoleon centre right has no command
1 corps advance towards La Haye in the centre
2 corps advance towards the woods on the right
3 corps advance towards Hougoumont on the left

British advance to support the three objectives
Wellington left of cross roads has no command
1 corps hold Hougoumont on the right, cavalry advance
2 corps hold La Haye in the cente, cavalry advance
3 corps hold the woods on the right , cavalry advance

End of move 4

French advance to attack objectives
Napoleon leads two infantry brigades in attack on La Haye
1 corps cavalry lose melee and rout
2 corps gunners 10% casualties and rout
3 corps artillery rout hussars

British vacate all three objectives to avoid artillery fire
Wellington takes command of Hougoumont
1 corps cavalry rout, gunners flee to square, garrison withdraw from Hougoumont
2 corps cavalry fail morale and rou t, garrison withdraw from La Haye
3 corps artillery hit gunners who rout, garrison withdraw from woods

End of move 6

French enter Hougoumont
Napoleon wins infantry melee between La Haye and woods
1 corps advance between Hougoumont and La Haye
2 corps rally infantry and gunners, cavalry retreat to regroup
3 corps advance and enter Hougoumont

British cavalry rally
Wellington prepares to counter attack Hougoumont
1 corps cavalry rally
2 corps cavalry rally, two infantry brigades rout
3 corps cavalry rally

End of move 8

French attacking all three objecties
Napoleon infantry melee in La Haye
1 corps advance between Hougoumont and La Haye
2 corps attacking woods on the right
3 corps infantry melee in Hougoumont

British counter attack all three objectives
Wellington regroup three infantry brigade behind Hougoumont
1 corps counter attack Hougoumont
2 corps counter attack La Haye
3 corps defending woods

End of move 10

French take Hougoumont
Napoleon attack on La Haye fails, old guard rout
1 corps young guard hold be tween Hougoumont and La Haye
2 corps attack woods
3 corps occupy Hougoumont

British retake La Haye
Wellington prepares counter attack on Hougoumont
1 corps four brigades in rout
2 corps retake La Haye, rout old guard
3 corps cavalry rout, infantry fight to hold woods

 

End of move 12

French hold Hougoumont and woods
Napoleon rallies guard to the right of the main road
1 corps withdraw infantry out of artillery range on the left of main road
2 corps capture woods at the end of move 12
3 corps hold Hougoumont

British hold La Haye Sainte
Wellington attempts to rally routed 1 corps
1 corps one infantry brigade in square covers rout of corps
2 corps hold La Haye Sainte
3 corps lose woods at the end of move 12

French casualties 6 infantry and 1 cavalry (2,500 men)
British casualties 8 infantry, 3 cavalry and 1 artillery (3,600 men)

Hougoumont from the allied side

1st British corps have abandoned Hougoumont and are in rout
One infantry brigade has formed square to hold off the French cavalry
The other three brigades, plus the cavalry are all in rout

La Haye Sainte from the allied side

2nd British corps hold La Haye and are concentrating behind it
The French Imperial Garde have retreated to regroup
French and British artillery exchange long range fire

The woods from the allied side

3rd British corps are intact and grouped behind the woods
The gunners have abandoned their guns to seek safety behind the infantry
The highland brigade have just broken and routed from the woods
The supporting infantry have all passed their morale test caused by this rout
One brigade has formed square on the left to hold off the French cavalry.

Summary
The French hold two of the three objectives and win the battle

But the outcome was decided with the last dice thrown in the game
The British held the woods on the right throughout the game
The highland brigade held the woods with 20% casualties
An elite French brigade charged the woods at the start of move 12
The French rolled a 6 for combat and a 5 for morale
The British received their third casualty and an automatic rout with 30% casualties
The French passed their morale test and held the woods.

This was a much more interesting game that I had expected
It had a flavour of Waterloo, because the result was uncertain until the end
Either side could have won and it was appropriate that the dice decided.

Between Campaigns

 

There is always a lot of admin to be completed at the end of one campaign phase and the start of the next.   None of this work can be done until the final battle has been decided, which means that there is always a long gap between wargames at this stage.   For someone who is used to having a game in play all of the time, this can be frustrating.

It is all the more so this time because we are in the middle of a heat wave here in Spain, and we have very little energy for anything, let alone a lot of paperwork to prepare the next campaign phase.  In addition we have my son’s family with us for their annual three week holiday.   It is lovely to have them here, and having visited for 18 of the previous 20 years (thanks to covid) they are very little trouble.   But our normally quiet house catering for just two of us is suddenly required to cater for 7.   Our tranquil self centred routine is replaced by bedlam.   I hide in my office, but it is really difficult, if not impossible, to concentrate on anything as complicated as organising a campaign.

In the week before they arrived I decided to try a one off game to fill the time.  This would be the first non campaign game I have played in about 15 years.   I settled on Waterloo, but not the Waterloo that the world knows so well.   This one would have to fit into my campaign orders of battle and my rules.   They are finely developed to deliver the type of games we like to play, with a strict 12 move game to meet the 12 hour day in the campaign.   The result is the table you see above.

My first attempt included the ridge on the allied side and high ground on the French right.  It also included a woods in front of Hougoumont and no terrain features on the allied left.   The objective would be the cross roads and the road running left to right.   However just four moves made it clear that my rules would not allow a historical refight.   Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte quickly fell to French artillery and infantry.   The table was set up once more as shown above.   The game objective would be Hougoumont, La Haye Sainte and the woods on the right.   All three objectives were placed much closer to the road where the allied army was deployed, this would make it easier for them to support the objectives.

Not at all sure how it is going to work out, but already regretting that I did not just do the hard work of setting up the next campaign and setting up the first  campaign battle.

Ratisbon Campaign Day 7

22 September 1813 – Southern Germany – Day 7

The French occupy Ratisbon
7th French army – occupy Lappersdorf
8th French army – occupy Ratisbon
9th French army – occupy Kofering

The Austrian retreat east of the river Danube
1st Austrian army – abandon campaign, retreat east
2nd Austrian army– abandon campaign, retreat east
3rd Austrian army – abandon campaign, retreat east

Summary

On 16 September Marshal Massena crossed into Ratisbon District with orders to defeat the Austrian army and capture their main depot in the city of Ratisbon.

The Austrians won the first battle at Prettendorf, but were forced to retreat when the French won the next two at Abbach and Rittendorf. The Austrians redeployed in front of Ratisbon, but were defeated at Kofering, Lappersdorf and Ratisbon itself.

The Austrians crossed to the west bank of the river Danube and abandoned the campaign. This left Massena the winner of the campaign

The campaign started on 27 May and ended on 15 July 2026

Comment
So the campaign ends with the Austrian army in full retreat, and the Bavarian army in possession of Ratisbon. At this point is all seemed so predictable, with Massena winning five battles out of six. It is easy to forget that after the first battle it looked like he would be forced to abandon the campaign and retreat himself.

It is also easy to forget that each battle was a hard fought wargame, and that all could easily have gone either way. With our rules on move 10 the outcome is often in the balance, with either side likely to win. Then one player is lucky and either moves first, or rolls a 6. This then has a knock on effect resulting in a seemingly overwhelming victory. It is unfortunate that in this campaign the Bavarian side seems to have an unfair share of that luck. But when Wargaming each battle that was not the way it felt.

Looking back we have had six enjoyable and challenging wargames, which is the whole aim of the campaign. The winner of the campaign is less important than both players having an enjoyable experience playing the games.